Java Abstraction Example

Abstraction means hiding lower-level details and exposing only the essential and relevant details to the users. 

Java Abstraction Example

Consider Shape base type is “shape” and each shape has a color, size and so on. From this, specific types of shapes are derived(inherited)-circle, square, triangle and so on.
The area for these shapes are different so make the area() method abstract and let the subclasses to override and implement.
abstract class Shape {
    String color;

    // these are abstract methods
    abstract double area();

    public abstract String toString();

    // abstract class can have constructor
    public Shape(String color) {
        System.out.println("Shape constructor called");
        this.color = color;
    }

    // this is a concrete method
    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }
}

class Circle extends Shape {
    double radius;

    public Circle(String color, double radius) {

        // calling Shape constructor
        super(color);
        System.out.println("Circle constructor called");
        this.radius = radius;
    }

    @Override
    double area() {
        return Math.PI * Math.pow(radius, 2);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Circle color is " + super.color + "and area is : " + area();
    }

}

class Rectangle extends Shape {

    double length;
    double width;

    public Rectangle(String color, double length, double width) {
        // calling Shape constructor
        super(color);
        System.out.println("Rectangle constructor called");
        this.length = length;
        this.width = width;
    }

    @Override
    double area() {
        return length * width;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Rectangle color is " + super.color + "and area is : " + area();
    }

}

public class AbstractionTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Shape s1 = new Circle("Red", 2.2);
        Shape s2 = new Rectangle("Yellow", 2, 4);

        System.out.println(s1.toString());
        System.out.println(s2.toString());
    }
}
Read more at https://www.javaguides.net/2018/08/abstraction-in-java-with-example.html

Reference

https://www.javaguides.net/2018/08/abstraction-in-java-with-example.html


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