@Id JPA Example

The @Id JPA annotation specifies the primary key of the entity.

The @Id annotation specifies the entity identifier. An entity must always have an identifier attribute, which is used when loading the entity in a given Persistence Context.

The field or property to which the Id annotation is applied should be one of the following types: 

• any Java primitive type
• any primitive wrapper type
• String
• java.util.Date
• java.sql.Date
• java.math.BigDecimal
• java.math.BigInteger

The mapped column for the primary key of the entity is assumed to be the primary key of the primary table. If no Column annotation is specified, the primary key column name is assumed to be the name of the primary key property or field.

JPA @Id Annotation Example

Each JPA entity must have a primary key that uniquely identifies it. 

The @Id annotation defines the primary key. We can generate the identifiers in different ways which are specified by the @GeneratedValue annotation.

We can choose from four id generation strategies with the strategy element. The value can be AUTO, TABLE, SEQUENCE, or IDENTITY.

Let's create a Student entity class which has id (annotated with @Id annotation) field as primary:

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "student")
public class Student {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "id")
    private int id;

    @Column(name = "first_name")
    private String firstName;

    @Column(name = "last_name")
    private String lastName;

    @Column(name = "email")
    private String email;

    public Student() {

    }

    public Student(String firstName, String lastName, String email) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student [id=" + id + ", firstName=" + firstName + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", email=" + email + "]";
    }
}

References

https://javaee.github.io/javaee-spec/javadocs/javax/persistence/Id.html.