Early (Static) Binding vs Late (Dynamic) Binding

In this post, we will learn the difference between Early (Static) Binding and Late (Dynamic) Binding in Java. This is a frequently asked question in Java interviews for beginners. Let's dive into it.

Difference between Early (Static) Binding and Late (Dynamic) Binding in Java

Early (Static) Binding Late (Dynamic) Binding
In early binding, the binding of method call to its definition happens at compile time. In late binding, the binding of method call to its definition happens at runtime.
The compiler knows which method will be called. The compiler does not know which method will be called. This decision is made at runtime, based on the actual object that is being referenced.
Because the compiler has all information about the object, it can optimize the code better. Because the method to be invoked is determined at runtime, the compiler cannot optimize the code as well as in static binding.
Static methods, final methods, private methods, and methods in final classes all use early binding. Overridden methods in Java use dynamic binding.
Polymorphism does not play any role in early binding. Polymorphism is fully utilized in late binding.
Early binding is also known as method overloading or static polymorphism. Late binding is also known as method overriding or dynamic polymorphism.
Examples include method overloading, operator overloading. Examples include virtual functions, function overriding.
It is less flexible as all types need to be known at compile-time. It is more flexible as types can be determined during runtime.


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