Library Management System Project in Python with Source Code

Library management systems are crucial in organizing and maintaining the records of books, members, and transactions in a library. In this blog post, we'll create a simple library management system using Python's object-oriented features.

Key Features

Book Management: Add, view, and remove books. 

Member Management: Register and view members. 

Issue & Return Books: Allow members to borrow and return books.

Implementation

1. Class Definitions: 

We'll start with the Book and Member classes.

class Book:
    def __init__(self, book_id, title, author):
        self.book_id = book_id
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.is_available = True

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.book_id}. {self.title} by {self.author}"

class Member:
    def __init__(self, member_id, name):
        self.member_id = member_id
        self.name = name
        self.borrowed_books = []

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.member_id}. {self.name}"

    def borrow_book(self, book):
        self.borrowed_books.append(book)
        book.is_available = False

    def return_book(self, book):
        self.borrowed_books.remove(book)
        book.is_available = True

2. Library Class: 

This class will contain the main logic of our library system.

class Library:
    def __init__(self):
        self.books = []
        self.members = []

    def add_book(self, book):
        self.books.append(book)

    def register_member(self, member):
        self.members.append(member)

    def issue_book(self, member_id, book_id):
        member = next((m for m in self.members if m.member_id == member_id), None)
        book = next((b for b in self.books if b.book_id == book_id and b.is_available), None)
        
        if member and book:
            member.borrow_book(book)
            print(f"Book {book.title} issued to {member.name}.")
        else:
            print("Book cannot be issued.")

    def return_book(self, member_id, book_id):
        member = next((m for m in self.members if m.member_id == member_id), None)
        book = next((b for b in self.books if b.book_id == book_id and not b.is_available), None)

        if member and book and book in member.borrowed_books:
            member.return_book(book)
            print(f"Book {book.title} returned by {member.name}.")
        else:
            print("Book cannot be returned.")

3. Main Function: 

This function provides a menu-driven interface for the library.

def main():
    library = Library()
    
    while True:
        print("\n1. Add Book\n2. Register Member\n3. Issue Book\n4. Return Book\n5. Exit")
        choice = int(input("Enter your choice: "))

        if choice == 1:
            book_id = int(input("Enter Book ID: "))
            title = input("Enter Book Title: ")
            author = input("Enter Book Author: ")
            library.add_book(Book(book_id, title, author))

        elif choice == 2:
            member_id = int(input("Enter Member ID: "))
            name = input("Enter Member Name: ")
            library.register_member(Member(member_id, name))

        elif choice == 3:
            member_id = int(input("Enter Member ID: "))
            book_id = int(input("Enter Book ID to issue: "))
            library.issue_book(member_id, book_id)

        elif choice == 4:
            member_id = int(input("Enter Member ID: "))
            book_id = int(input("Enter Book ID to return: "))
            library.return_book(member_id, book_id)

        elif choice == 5:
            print("Exiting...")
            break

        else:
            print("Invalid choice!")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Complete Source with Output

class Book:
    def __init__(self, book_id, title, author):
        self.book_id = book_id
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.is_available = True

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.book_id}. {self.title} by {self.author}"

class Member:
    def __init__(self, member_id, name):
        self.member_id = member_id
        self.name = name
        self.borrowed_books = []

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.member_id}. {self.name}"

    def borrow_book(self, book):
        self.borrowed_books.append(book)
        book.is_available = False

    def return_book(self, book):
        self.borrowed_books.remove(book)
        book.is_available = True

class Library:
    def __init__(self):
        self.books = []
        self.members = []

    def add_book(self, book):
        self.books.append(book)

    def register_member(self, member):
        self.members.append(member)

    def issue_book(self, member_id, book_id):
        member = next((m for m in self.members if m.member_id == member_id), None)
        book = next((b for b in self.books if b.book_id == book_id and b.is_available), None)
        
        if member and book:
            member.borrow_book(book)
            print(f"Book {book.title} issued to {member.name}.")
        else:
            print("Book cannot be issued.")

    def return_book(self, member_id, book_id):
        member = next((m for m in self.members if m.member_id == member_id), None)
        book = next((b for b in self.books if b.book_id == book_id and not b.is_available), None)

        if member and book and book in member.borrowed_books:
            member.return_book(book)
            print(f"Book {book.title} returned by {member.name}.")
        else:
            print("Book cannot be returned.")

def main():
    library = Library()
    
    while True:
        print("\n1. Add Book\n2. Register Member\n3. Issue Book\n4. Return Book\n5. Exit")
        choice = int(input("Enter your choice: "))

        if choice == 1:
            book_id = int(input("Enter Book ID: "))
            title = input("Enter Book Title: ")
            author = input("Enter Book Author: ")
            library.add_book(Book(book_id, title, author))

        elif choice == 2:
            member_id = int(input("Enter Member ID: "))
            name = input("Enter Member Name: ")
            library.register_member(Member(member_id, name))

        elif choice == 3:
            member_id = int(input("Enter Member ID: "))
            book_id = int(input("Enter Book ID to issue: "))
            library.issue_book(member_id, book_id)

        elif choice == 4:
            member_id = int(input("Enter Member ID: "))
            book_id = int(input("Enter Book ID to return: "))
            library.return_book(member_id, book_id)

        elif choice == 5:
            print("Exiting...")
            break

        else:
            print("Invalid choice!")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Output:

1. Add Book
2. Register Member
3. Issue Book
4. Return Book
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter Book ID: 1
Enter Book Title: Learn Python
Enter Book Author: John
1. Add Book
2. Register Member
3. Issue Book
4. Return Book
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter Member ID: 1
Enter Member Name: Tom
1. Add Book
2. Register Member
3. Issue Book
4. Return Book
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
Enter Member ID: 1
Enter Book ID to issue: 1
Book Learn Python issued to Tom.

1. Add Book
2. Register Member
3. Issue Book
4. Return Book
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 4
Enter Member ID: 1
Enter Book ID to return: 1
Book Learn Python returned by Tom.

1. Add Book
2. Register Member
3. Issue Book
4. Return Book
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 5
Exiting...

That's it! You now have a basic library management system built with Python. This system can be further enhanced by adding features like searching books/members, maintaining a record of issue dates, computing fines, and much more. Python, with its vast library ecosystem, offers endless possibilities to expand and refine this project.

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