Tic Tac Toe Project in Python with Source Code

Tic Tac Toe is a classic two-player game where the objective is to get three of one's own symbols (either 'X' or 'O') in a row, whether horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, on a 3x3 grid. Let's dive into creating this game in Python! 

1. Introduction

Python, with its simple and readable syntax, is a great language for beginner projects such as the Tic Tac Toe game. This project will be implemented using a class-based approach, where the game mechanics and methods related to the Tic Tac Toe board are encapsulated within a class. 

2. The Code

class TicTacToe:
    def __init__(self):
        self.board = [' '] * 9
        self.current_winner = None

    def print_board(self):
        for row in [self.board[i*3:(i+1)*3] for i in range(3)]:
            print('| ' + ' | '.join(row) + ' |')

    @staticmethod
    def print_board_nums():
        number_board = [[str(i) for i in range(j*3, (j+1)*3)] for j in range(3)]
        for row in number_board:
            print('| ' + ' | '.join(row) + ' |')

    def available_moves(self):
        return [i for i, spot in enumerate(self.board) if spot == ' ']

    def make_move(self, square, letter):
        if self.board[square] == ' ':
            self.board[square] = letter
            if self.check_winner(square, letter):
                self.current_winner = letter
                return True
        return False

    def check_winner(self, square, letter):
        # Check row
        row_ind = square // 3
        row = self.board[row_ind*3:(row_ind+1)*3]
        if all([s == letter for s in row]):
            return True
        # Check column
        col_ind = square % 3
        col = [self.board[col_ind+i*3] for i in range(3)]
        if all([s == letter for s in col]):
            return True
        # Check diagonals
        if square % 2 == 0:
            diag1 = [self.board[i] for i in [0, 4, 8]]
            if all([s == letter for s in diag1]):
                return True
            diag2 = [self.board[i] for i in [2, 4, 6]]
            if all([s == letter for s in diag2]):
                return True
        return False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    t = TicTacToe()
    t.print_board_nums()
    current_player = "X"

    while ' ' in t.board:
        try:
            move = int(input(f"Enter your move for {current_player} (0-8): "))
            if move in t.available_moves():
                t.make_move(move, current_player)
                t.print_board()

                if t.current_winner:
                    print(f"{current_player} wins!")
                    break

                current_player = "O" if current_player == "X" else "X"
            else:
                print("Invalid move! Try again.")
        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter a number between 0 and 8.")

    else:
        print("It's a tie!")

3. Key Components

Game Board: The board is represented as a list with nine elements. 

Displaying the Board: We have methods to print the board to the console. 

Gameplay Mechanics: We keep track of available moves and also check if a particular move results in a win. 

Winner Check: After each move, the game checks for a win condition, i.e., three of the same symbols in a row.

4. How to Play

Players take turns to enter their desired positions (from 0 to 8) on the board. The positions are as follows:

| 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 6 | 7 | 8 |

When a player gets three of their symbols in a row, they win. If the board fills up without a winner, the game ends in a tie.

5. Output

| 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 6 | 7 | 8 |
Enter your move for X (0-8): 0
| X |   |   |
|   |   |   |
|   |   |   |
Enter your move for O (0-8): 1
| X | O |   |
|   |   |   |
|   |   |   |
Enter your move for X (0-8): 4
| X | O |   |
|   | X |   |
|   |   |   |
Enter your move for O (0-8): 5
| X | O |   |
|   | X | O |
|   |   |   |
Enter your move for X (0-8): 6
| X | O |   |
|   | X | O |
| X |   |   |
Enter your move for O (0-8): 8
| X | O |   |
|   | X | O |
| X |   | O |
Enter your move for X (0-8): 3
| X | O |   |
| X | X | O |
| X |   | O |
X wins!
> 

6. Conclusion

Building a Tic Tac Toe game in Python is a wonderful exercise to familiarize oneself with fundamental programming concepts such as loops, conditions, and data structures like lists. Not only does it improve coding skills, but the end result is also a fun, interactive game to play. Additionally, this project can be expanded further. Consider adding a graphical user interface (GUI) using Python libraries like Tkinter or Pygame, or even an AI opponent using basic AI algorithms. The possibilities are endless, and the learning never stops!

Related Posts

Bank Management System in Python

Library Management System Project in Python with Source Code

Student Management System Project in Python with Source Code

Tic Tac Toe Project in Python with Source Code

Simple Calculator Project in Python with Source Code