Spring Boot Hibernate DAO with MySQL Database Example

In this tutorial, we will learn how to configure Hibernate DAO layer in the spring boot application.

In this tutorial, we build a CRUD spring boot REST APIs with Hibernate as DAO layer and MySQL as database.

We are going to use three-layer architecture in our Spring boot project:

1. Create Spring Boot Project

Spring Boot provides a web tool called Spring Initializer to bootstrap an application quickly. Just go to https://start.spring.io/ and generate a new spring boot project.

2. Maven Dependencies

Open the pom.xml file and replace it with the following content:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot</groupId>
	<artifactId>cruddemo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>cruddemo</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

3. Configure MySQL Database

Spring Boot tries to auto-configure a DataSource if spring-data-jpa dependency is in the classpath by reading the database configuration from the application.properties file.

So, we just have to add the configuration, and Spring Boot will take care of the rest.

Open the application.properties file and add the following properties to it.

## Spring DATASOURCE (DataSourceAutoConfiguration & DataSourceProperties)
spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false
spring.datasource.username = root
spring.datasource.password = root


## Hibernate Properties
# The SQL dialect makes Hibernate generate better SQL for the chosen database
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, validate, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = update

You will need to create a database named demo in MySQL, and change the spring.datasource.username & spring.datasource.password properties as per your MySQL installation.

In the above properties file, the last two properties are for Hibernate. Spring Boot uses Hibernate as the default JPA implementation.

The property spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto is used for database initialization. I’ve used the value “update” for this property.

4. Create JPA Entity

Let's create a new package called entity inside com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot and add a class named Employee.java with the following contents:

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="employee")
public class Employee {

	// define fields
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name="id")
	private int id;
	
	@Column(name="first_name")
	private String firstName;
	
	@Column(name="last_name")
	private String lastName;
	
	@Column(name="email")
	private String email;	
		
	// define constructors	
	public Employee() {
		
	}

	public Employee(String firstName, String lastName, String email) {
		this.firstName = firstName;
		this.lastName = lastName;
		this.email = email;
	}

	// define getter/setter
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getFirstName() {
		return firstName;
	}

	public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
		this.firstName = firstName;
	}

	public String getLastName() {
		return lastName;
	}

	public void setLastName(String lastName) {
		this.lastName = lastName;
	}

	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	// define tostring

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Employee [id=" + id + ", firstName=" + firstName + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", email=" + email + "]";
	}		
}
  

5. Create Repository or DAO Layer

The next thing we’re gonna do is create a DAO layer to access an Employee’s data from the database.

EmployeeDao Interface

Let's create a package called dao inside base package com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot. Create an EmployeeDao interface with the following contents:

import java.util.List;

import com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot.cruddemo.entity.Employee;

public interface EmployeeDAO {

	public List findAll();
	
	public Employee findById(int theId);
	
	public void save(Employee theEmployee);
	
	public void deleteById(int theId);
	
} 

EmployeeDaoImpl Class

Let's create a package called impl inside base package com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot.dao. Create an EmployeeDaoImpl class with the following contents:

  
import java.util.List;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot.cruddemo.entity.Employee;

@Repository
public class EmployeeDAOHibernateImpl implements EmployeeDAO {

	// define field for entitymanager	
	private EntityManager entityManager;
		
	// set up constructor injection
	@Autowired
	public EmployeeDAOHibernateImpl(EntityManager theEntityManager) {
		entityManager = theEntityManager;
	}
	
	
	@Override
	public List<Employee> findAll() {

		// get the current hibernate session
		Session currentSession = entityManager.unwrap(Session.class);
		
		// create a query
		Query theQuery =
				currentSession.createQuery("from Employee", Employee.class);
		
		// execute query and get result list
		List employees = theQuery.getResultList();
		
		// return the results		
		return employees;
	}


	@Override
	public Employee findById(int theId) {

		// get the current hibernate session
		Session currentSession = entityManager.unwrap(Session.class);
		
		// get the employee
		Employee theEmployee =
				currentSession.get(Employee.class, theId);
		
		// return the employee
		return theEmployee;
	}


	@Override
	public void save(Employee theEmployee) {

		// get the current hibernate session
		Session currentSession = entityManager.unwrap(Session.class);
		
		// save employee
		currentSession.saveOrUpdate(theEmployee);
	}


	@Override
	public void deleteById(int theId) {
		
		// get the current hibernate session
		Session currentSession = entityManager.unwrap(Session.class);
				
		// delete object with primary key
		Query theQuery = 
				currentSession.createQuery(
						"delete from Employee where id=:employeeId");
		theQuery.setParameter("employeeId", theId);
		
		theQuery.executeUpdate();
	}
}

6. Create Service Layer

Service Interface

Let's create a package called service inside base package com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot. Create an EmployeeService interface with the following contents:

import java.util.List;

import com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot.cruddemo.entity.Employee;

public interface EmployeeService {

	public List<Employee> findAll();
	
	public Employee findById(int theId);
	
	public void save(Employee theEmployee);
	
	public void deleteById(int theId);
}

Service Interface Implementation

Let's create a package called impl inside package com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot.service. Create an EmployeeServiceImpl class with the following contents:

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot.cruddemo.dao.EmployeeDAO;
import com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot.cruddemo.entity.Employee;

@Service
public class EmployeeServiceImpl implements EmployeeService {

	private EmployeeDAO employeeDAO;
	
	@Autowired
	public EmployeeServiceImpl(EmployeeDAO theEmployeeDAO) {
		employeeDAO = theEmployeeDAO;
	}
	
	@Override
	@Transactional
	public List<Employee> findAll() {
		return employeeDAO.findAll();
	}

	@Override
	@Transactional
	public Employee findById(int theId) {
		return employeeDAO.findById(theId);
	}

	@Override
	@Transactional
	public void save(Employee theEmployee) {
		employeeDAO.save(theEmployee);
	}

	@Override
	@Transactional
	public void deleteById(int theId) {
		employeeDAO.deleteById(theId);
	}
}

7. Create Controller Layer

We’ll now create the REST APIs for creating, retrieving, updating, and deleting an Employee.

First, create a new package controller inside base package com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot. Then, create a new class EmployeeController.java with the following contents -

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot.cruddemo.entity.Employee;
import com.sourcecodeexamples.springboot.cruddemo.service.EmployeeService;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class EmployeeRestController {

	private EmployeeService employeeService;
	
	@Autowired
	public EmployeeRestController(EmployeeService theEmployeeService) {
		employeeService = theEmployeeService;
	}
	
	// expose "/employees" and return list of employees
	@GetMapping("/employees")
	public List<Employee> findAll() {
		return employeeService.findAll();
	}

	// add mapping for GET /employees/{employeeId}
	
	@GetMapping("/employees/{employeeId}")
	public Employee getEmployee(@PathVariable int employeeId) {
		
		Employee theEmployee = employeeService.findById(employeeId);
		
		if (theEmployee == null) {
			throw new RuntimeException("Employee id not found - " + employeeId);
		}
		
		return theEmployee;
	}
	
	// add mapping for POST /employees - add new employee
	
	@PostMapping("/employees")
	public Employee addEmployee(@RequestBody Employee theEmployee) {
		
		// also just in case they pass an id in JSON ... set id to 0
		// this is to force a save of new item ... instead of update
		
		theEmployee.setId(0);
		
		employeeService.save(theEmployee);
		
		return theEmployee;
	}
	
	// add mapping for PUT /employees - update existing employee
	
	@PutMapping("/employees")
	public Employee updateEmployee(@RequestBody Employee theEmployee) {
		
		employeeService.save(theEmployee);
		
		return theEmployee;
	}
	
	// add mapping for DELETE /employees/{employeeId} - delete employee
	
	@DeleteMapping("/employees/{employeeId}")
	public String deleteEmployee(@PathVariable int employeeId) {
		
		Employee tempEmployee = employeeService.findById(employeeId);
		
		// throw exception if null
		
		if (tempEmployee == null) {
			throw new RuntimeException("Employee id not found - " + employeeId);
		}
		
		employeeService.deleteById(employeeId);
		
		return "Deleted employee id - " + employeeId;
	}
	
}

8. Run Spring Boot Application

We’ve successfully built all the APIs for our application. Let’s now run the app and test the APIs.

Just go to the root directory of the application and type the following command to run it -

$ mvn spring-boot:run

The application will start at Spring Boot’s default tomcat port 8080.